Pregnancy is regarded as a time of great joy for most women. Between 14-23% of pregnant women, as reported by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists or ACOG, will manifest symptoms of depression during the 3 trimesters. Depression during pregnancy or antepartum depression, is a mood disorder that has similar symptoms and management as the clinical depression. Support groups, psychotherapy and antidepressants like Paxil are used to address antepartum depression. However, there is a lot of debate over the safety and long-term effects of antidepressant medications taken during pregnancy. If antidepressants such as Paxil harm the baby and the mother, complaints against the manufacturer may be filed without having the mother disclose medical records.

Most women see the symptoms of antepartum depression as temporary moodiness that often accompanies pregnancy, leaving depression undiagnosed.A woman who is depressed feels sad or “blue” that last for 2 weeks or longer. Symptoms like lack of interest, trouble sleeping, loss of energy, weight loss or gain not related to pregnancy, restlessness, thoughts or ideas about suicide may also be present.

It is important to treat depression after it is diagnosed. If it remains untreated, it poses dangerous risks to both the mother and the baby. Mothers may go into drinking, smoking, suicidal tendencies and may have poor nutrition which may cause premature birth, low birth weight and developmental problems on the baby. Support groups, private psychotherapy and medications are among the treatment options available for depression. Support groups and private psychotherapy are both talk therapies that involves talking to a mental health professional to learn to change how depression makes one think, feel, and act.

Antidepressants may be prescribed if psychotherapy alone cannot manage depression. Paxil and other various antidepressants are available in the market. According to research, certain antidepressants may be linked to some birth defects like physical malformations, heart problems, pulmonary hypertension and low birth weight. The US Food and Drug Administration recently announced that early research studies on Paxil suggest that drug intake during the 1^st trimester of pregnancy may increase a woman’s risk of having a baby with birth defects, heart defects in particular. FDA has also released health advisories regarding the use of Paxil in women who are pregnant or are planning to be pregnant.

Pregnant women may be depressed in any period during pregnancy. However, treatment options are available to properly manage the condition. Pregnant women, her obstetrician and mental health care provider need to collaborate and come up with a treatment modality that will give the most benefit to the baby and the mother. Side effects of antidepressants, like the Paxil birth defects should also be discussed.  

Amenorrhea is a medical condition defined as the absence of menstrual bleeding for at least 3 consecutive periods. Menstruation is pertaining to a woman’s monthly period. It comes from the 3 Greek words “a”, “men” and “rhoia” which respectively means no, monthly and flow. The most common cause of this condition is pregnancy but it may also appear as a symptom of another reproductive illness. Some medications can also cause amenorrhea such as the antidepressant Zoloft. Zoloft belongs to the SSRI drug classification and studies have shown that aside from amenorrhea, it can also cause birth defects in babies born to women taking the drug at the time of pregnancy. A study made by University of Nottingham in England also showed that seniors using Zoloft had higher mortality risks when kept under the medication.

What are the Common Causes of Amenorrhea?

A variety of factors can be attributed to be the cause of amenorrhea and some of them are a natural part of a woman’s milestone.

• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding
• Menopause
• Contraceptives
• Medications (antidepressants, antipsychotics, chemotherapeutic drugs and anti-hypertensives)
• Stress
• Low Body Weight
• Too much exercise
• Hormonal Imbalance (Hyperthyroidism, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and etc.)

Some Complications of Amenorrhea

Complications that may develop from amenorrhea are as follow:

• Infertility

Ovulation is a part of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation is the expulsion of an egg cell from one of the ovaries so a sperm can meet it which will lead to a woman becoming pregnant. If you don’t have a proper menstrual cycle, then you will not become pregnant.

• Osteoporosis

One of the causes of amenorrhea is imbalance in hormones. Low estrogen levels can be blamed in some women to develop amenorrhea. Estrogen is a hormone that helps in calcium bone absorption and low estrogen levels can affect the body’s ability to absorb calcium in the bones. Osteoporosis may result of calcium absorption is hindered.

Zoloft Use and Amenorrhea

It has been indicated that specific medications can be a cause of this condition which includes Zoloft. As per the FDA, women taking Zoloft may experience amenorrhea as they are included as its side effect. Although an infrequent side effect, some of the Zoloft users still had reports of this condition. A number even took pregnancy tests for fear of being pregnant as Zoloft birth defects are also known as another side effect of the drug.

Being pregnant will be one in every of the foremost happiest moments in life {that a} woman

could ever have. It is a time for brand spanking new beginnings, a time of change, a season of growth for her and the entire family. Pregnancy and the sweet anticipation of getting a baby will very facilitate improve the family’s relationship. The look forward to the arrival of the new baby puts the entire family in a sensible mood of expectation. In the method, the family members feel nearer to one another.

Throughout this trying stage of a woman, she constantly feels and experiences different thoughts and feelings about her pregnancy and her baby. Generally, she will be able to feel sensible and bright regarding life. On some days, she will be therefore depressed and irritable. This sudden shift of feelings can be considered traditional for alternative girls, however it can be disturbing not only on the part of the new mothe however additionally to the rest of the family if these episodes of unhappiness go on for long

periods of time.

After giving birth, a woman will expertise a thousand thoughts about the baby, whether or not sensible or bad. This can be what others call the “baby blues” — a purpose in a woman’s life, typically right when childbirth, when she feels heightened emotions concerning their baby. This state can be felt by the woman three to 5 days after delivery and will last for up to 2 more weeks, or maybe even longer. At now, the girl experiencing “baby blues” may cry additional simply than usual, might have hassle falling asleep or can feel irritable, or she can be therefore unhappy and invariably “on the edge” emotionally. Since “baby blues” are experienced is terribly common and is almost continuously expected of every 1st-time mother, it is typically not considered to be an illness. In most cases, the depression does not interfere with the girl’s ability to worry for her baby.

But, some ladies might expertise these heightened state of emotions by having postpartum depression, a kind of depression that also occurs when childbirth. Also known as postpartum non-psychotic depression, this condition affects regarding ten to twenty % of ladies, mostly at intervals a few months of delivery. If a woman is experiencing postpartum depression, she may exhibit any of the subsequent symptoms:

l depressed mood

l simply provoked to tears

l have bother falling asleep

l poor appetite

l failure to enjoy pleasurable activities

l feelings of inadequacy as a parent

l impaired concentration

l suicidal thoughts.

These symptoms can be seen during a lady if she acts differently towards herself and her baby as well. Having this kind of depression includes risk factors like previous major depression, psychosocial stress, previous premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and inadequate social support.

If a girl has postpartum depression, they may worry a ton when it involves their baby, particularly relating to the baby’s health and well-being. On terribly rare cases, women with this kind of severe depression might harbor negative and harmful thoughts regarding their baby. This kind of depression will interfere with the woman’s ability to take care of the baby, and it can even come to some extent where suicidal thoughts occur.

A huge part of preventive take care of postpartum depression entails changing into absolutely informed concerning the chance factors and effects of pregnancy and childbirth. Regular consultation with the obstetrician-gynecologist would conjointly permit the new mother to induce information concerning the many physical, chemical or hormonal changes that will return as a results of pregnancy and childbirth.

Doctors can perpetually play a key role in identifying and treating this sort of depression.

Girls should be screened by their physician to work out if they’re at risk for acquiring postpartum depression, since this can offer them a likelihood to organize themselves for their childbirth at the physical, emotional, and mental levels.

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Find yourself weeping for no apparent reason? Annoyed, or easily irritated? Do you often have unexplainable tantrums?

Perhaps you have escalating strong feelings building up inside you and you think that you’re quick to burst anytime of the day? Such are actually usual feelings of moms had just given birth. The feeling of resentment while you get up in the wee hours to feed your baby is very common. A lot of people is just like you. An enormous number of moms worldwide had come across or is presently experiencing the similar condition.

Being a woman with a child is an extremely difficult job. Burden is mounting as your energy and time is inadequate and so much is depending on you. In effect, you have what some may call the Baby Blues.

These blues persist for days, weeks, or even months. All through that unfortunate circumstance, moms have troublesome anxiety and mood swings. The ability to focus and concentrate is very poor. At times, women just cry and shower tears all of a sudden.

Experts had stated time and time again that this condition is mainly due to hormones. Bringing together the worries of being a mother of an infant, unable to sleep thoroughly, and physical exhaustion, the awful feeling is magnified. This is Post-partum Depression, a very unpleasant condition but usually temporary and will eventually pass.

Troubles arise when you’re not able to get rid of the debilitating emotions. Postpartum depression is a depression that occurs in females who had recently given birth. This may persist for quite a long time if the individual is unable to manage the condition properly.

Here are common symptoms of post-partum depression:

•    Constant feeling of anxiety
•    Irritable over trivial things
•    Insomnia
•    Weirdness or Feeling of disconnection from the baby
•    Fear of harming self and the baby

Women are more likely to have this condition if they had suffered from depression before or during pregnancy. Mothers with this type of depression in the past are very likely to fall back into this condition in following pregnancies.

Suitable treatment for this condition is vital. When a mom is depressed, for any reason, every unit of the family, particularly babies and children, are disturbed. Babies require exclusive attention from their mothers. Depression impede this from happening. Depressed moms are also unlikely to be perceptive to the infant’s needs.

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Bipolar disorder is also called BPD or perhaps known as manic depression and it is a disorder that’s known by severe mood changing swings. Moodiness happens to all of us; however, someone that has bipolar disorder suffers from extremes of both major depression and extreme elation and over optimism.

Sometimes it is dangerous because the depression might be so severe these people can’t seem to function through those times and also think about or act out suicidal thoughts. However, the excited (upswing) often leads to high-risk conduct like over spending, and activities they might not otherwise take part in.

A lot of people with bipolar mood disorder may also enjoy times of normalcy between the moodiness when they act and come to feel much as everybody else. Certain individuals with BPD might encounter mood swings more often and of short duration and others may have lengthier periods of both moods.

Bipolar disorder might begin as early as the teen years however diagnosis may be delayed as the moodiness may be ignored as being typical teenager moodiness or even attributed to ADHD. By age 25, the symptoms become more definite and a diagnosis is made easier.

Further complicating the diagnosis of bipolar disorder is the fact a person might experience mixed states with signs and symptoms of both depressive and manic states present at the same time.

The causes of BPD are not known, some doctors suggest there could be a hereditary link but study results are inconsistent. Even so, individuals who go on to develop BPD may display signs and symptoms in early childhood. Based on some studies the symptoms are so subtle they can be easily wrongly recognized as standard behavior or even another matter such as hyperactivity.

Adults being affected by bipolar disorder will have problems in most areas of their life. The high periods cause them to become overly optimistic, participate in risky behavior, and be financially indiscrete or sexually promiscuous. The problems might be never-ending.

With periods of depression, anyone experiencing BPD might not be in a position to function normally or to keep a job. Committing suicide can be a danger too.

There are a large number of medicines that may be used to handle bipolar disorder. The reason for that is that though some medicines work on some individuals, others display absolutely no indications of improving.

Lithium could be the only prescription medication proven to lessen the chance of committing suicide in depressed bipolar patients. The medication Lamotrigine has been shown to be effective in protecting against depression in various BPD patients. Antipsychotic prescription drugs could be utilized to combat agitation of the BPD individual while in the manic stages.

When signs and symptoms are alleviated and emotional swings are in remission the patient still must keep on taking the medication or backslide may occur. Some sufferers with bipolar disorder describe the impact of their relief medication as making them feel dull or drugged. That reduces medicine compliance among patients with BPD.

There are actually effective treatment options for people with bipolar disorder and mood stabilizers can be a main portion of treatment when helping stabilize the patient having bipolar disorder. Because the mood swings can be so damaging to personal relationships, financial status and work performance BPD is going to be dealt with aggressively in most instances.

Russ got expelled from high school when he was fifteen years old and eventually found employment at a local truck assembly plant. For the past eleven years he has gained a reputation as a diligent and hard-working individual who almost never calls off work due to illness.

Nearly six months ago he started dating a lady named Emma. They seemed to get along real well immediately and looked like they had a lot of fun together.

The Hazardous and Abusive Drinking Begins

When Russ met Emma, he almost never drank. This totally changed when they began seeing one another on a fairly usual basis. In actual fact, their relationship was going great until Emma called Russ one night approximately 2:30 AM and said that she had to breakup and that she couldn’t explain the reason at that particular time.

The next morning before he went to work, Russ drove to her apartment and found out in an instant that she had already moved out. Russ took this extremely hard. In reality, he was astounded because they seemed to be getting along so very well.

When Excessive Drinking Leads to Work Problems

So what did Russ do about Emma? Instead of working through his misery and pain, he began getting drunk nearly every night. It didn’t take long for his fellow employees or for his boss to notice that Russ was coming to work late at least once per week and that he continually called off sick. What is more, some of his co-workers made an appointment with staff in the HR Department and said that Russ continually came to work with a strong smell of alcohol on his clothes or on his breath.

Russ’s manager heard about all of this from Human Resources and also from Russ’s co-workers. So one Friday morning he invited Russ into his office. He told Russ that he had recently noticed a great change in his work performance, behavior, sick time, and in his attendance.

When a Boss Can Motivate a Worker to Get Help For His or Her Irresponsible Drinking

Russ’s supervisor also said that a number of his fellow employees reported him to Human Resources because he had been coming to work with a noticeable smell of alcohol. His supervisor then stated the following: “Russ, your fellow employees are not reporting you to Human Resources to get you into trouble or because they dislike you but rather because they are concerned about you. And I care too. I don’t want to meddle with your life, but it is evident that you are exhibiting some of the common symptoms and signs of excessive drinking. Consequently, I want you to go and see someone in the employee’s assistance program to discuss your drinking circumstance and your depression.”

“Russ, I’m no healthcare professional or a therapist, but I have seen many of my friends and relatives experience some really bad alcohol side effects. What is more, I have also seen the signs of alcoholism first-hand in my own family. When people suffer from problems with drinking, these difficulties not only affect the drinker, but they also make an impact on his or her co-workers, family, friends, neighbors, and relatives.”

Russ respected his manager very much and as a consequence followed through with his suggestion the next morning when he called and scheduled an appointment with someone in the employee’s assistance program.

Russ is Still Depressed But Experiences Some Hope That He Will Get His Life Back on Track

Although Russ didn’t necessarily feel any better or less depressed about the sorrow he still feels for Emma, he felt comfort knowing that his supervisor and his fellow employees wanted what’s best for him and cared about him. This gave Russ some psychological relief for the first time in several weeks and he honestly felt some hope that he would get back on track with his life.

Do you suffer from depression? Have you lost the will to live? Would you like to eradicate your depression once and for all? These are three questions that I would have certainly answered yes to a couple of years ago. I have however managed to turn my life around; the depression has been eradicated once and for all; I am free at last to live my life in the way that I have always wanted to.

I am not in any involved with the “depression industry” if there is such a thing; this article is purely explaining my experiences of depression. I am actually involved on a daily basis with helping with business cost cutting and I also help people to obtain cheap calls to mobiles. I have a third role which is working with a company that offers cheap holidays.

The cause of my personal depression

I have to say that the main cause of my depression was due to the fact that I had a stutter. This speech impediment basically ruined my life for eighteen years and was something that would often leave me feeling quite sorry for myself.

I feared for my overall future. How would I be able to get on in the world with this frustrating stutter? I was fully aware of just how it would negatively impact on my prospects for employment, relationships with friends and members of the opposite sex and overall confidence/happiness.

The solution

I was very fortunate to meet a very educated man called Jason when I was aged twenty-two. He persuaded me to fight back against all of my demons and gave me the belief that I would be able to overcome the stutter, as well as eradicating the depression.

You need to believe in yourself, you need to understand that there is a lot of people in a worse position than you and you need to be thankful of what you do have rather than solely concentrating on what you do not have, explained Jason.

You should be willing to work extremely hard to improve your life and to beat this depression.

The result

You may or may not be pleased to know that I have now managed to overcome my stutter and I have also learnt how to live a “depressed free” life. I have to say it sure feels good and makes living a whole lot easier.

In the last few weeks I have taken the big step of talking to my mum and dad about my problems with depression. My mother has said that she thinks we have some kind of depression gene as most of our family suffer from similar symptoms.

I would like to start by making it clear that I do not work in the “depression” industry; I personally offer a DVD duplication service; training for foster carers and cheap holidays.

I have as recently as last week suffered with a severe bout of this depression, however from it I learnt a valuable lesson. I had been having a bad period in my life where seemingly everything was going wrong. I had nothing to look forward to and decided that I needed a night out with my friends. There was one intention that I had in mind which was to get as drunk as possible.

I felt really bad when I awoke on the “morning after”. I was drained, tired and very crabby – I had drank far too much of the loopy juice. For the whole day I struggled to stay awake and as the day wore on I became more and more depressed. My head was suddenly thinking some rather bad thoughts – I just could not seem to get into any sort of positive frame of mind – negativity had taken over my body~My head was suddenly thinking some rather bad thoughts – I just could not seem to get into any sort of positive frame of mind – negativity had taken over my body}.

The lesson I have learnt is that is not a good idea to go out drinking alcohol if you are feeling low and depressed.

I have to say that my mum and dad are in fact extremely astute people which makes me wonder why I did not seek their advice on a more often basis in the past. This turned out to be a perfect example of this as they once again gave me some top guidance. They wanted me to write a list of all of my worries and problems; the things that were causing me to spiral in and out of depression~They wanted me to write a list of all of my worries and problems; the things that were causing me to spiral in and out of depression}~They wanted me to write a list of all of my worries and problems; the things that were causing me to spiral in and out of depression}. It was then a case of trying to work out a solution to each of my worries/problems. I could do this with the help of others, such as my parents rather than doing what I usually do which is to try and work things out for myself.

This is not at all easy to do but is something I now try. I have realised that it is good to talk about our fears and phobias and that there is nothing wrong with admitting that you are stressed and depressed.

I now try to think positive in all situations, life is far too short to be always worrying about everything. I have also started to read a lot of self-help books, these have taught me quite a lot of new things and have given me many new ideas.

I have had many periods in my own life when I have been downright miserable and unhappy. The every day choirs and trials have certainly made their mark and there have been many a time when I have failed to see the wood through the tress, as it were.

Before I continue on with this article I would like to point out that I am not involved within the depression industry or sector, I personally work within business cost reduction, as well as offering a stammering cure and on a part basis as a professional DVD duplication service.

Over the last few months I have worked extremely hard to find solutions to eradicate my issues with depression. I am now much more able to cope with these type of situations. I will not try and kid you that I never become down and depressed. Yes there are times when things start to get the better of me but the difference now is the fact that I have the tools and techniques to enable me to quickly return to a happy state of mind.

The first thing I do when I start to feel a bit down or unhappy is to write a list of all the things that are making me feel this way. Instead of doing what I used to do, which was to stress so much about each of them, which only makes each problem even bigger, I now look at each item on the list and try to find a solution.

To say that this is hard to do would be an understatement. After living one way for so long it is far from easy to suddenly change. But change I must and change I have – I have realised that there is only one way to think in life and that it to think positively. Some of the items on the list are hard to find solutions for. I then try to tell myself that worrying is not the answer and that all I can do is to give it my best shot to improve the situation. At the end of the day what is the worst thing that can happen?

I have realised that I seem to get down and depressed when I am over tired. Now when I feel over-tired, I ensure that I go to bed a lot earlier than normal over the next few days and try to avoid drinks like coffee, late at night, which can keep me awake. To help me to sleep I always read a book which not only tires my eyes but also helps to take my mind off the things that I am worried about. I have also been known to have a small snooze in the afternoons to help me to catch up on any lost sleep.

I feel fortunate to have two young children. They seem to be full of life and do not seem to have a care in the world. Both children have totally changed my life in a positive way and are a bundle of fun and joy. When starting to feel a bit down and depressed, I spend as much time as I can with my children as they are what makes me happy and smile. I can soon forget my troubles and it also makes me appreciate what I have in life.

I used to be quite a fragile character, some would say that I was even scared of my own shadow. I was always paranoid that people were talking about me and laughing behind my back.

So why was I like this? Well it was mainly because, in my opinion, I had a stutter. It started when I was aged four and despite attending various forms of stop stammering therapy I was unable to find the solution which would enable me to achieve fluency.

By the age of twenty-two I had basically had enough of living life in this manner and knew that the time had arrived when I needed to become far more self-assured. I could not continue to live my life as I had been, as I would probably be dead by the time I was fifty.

I then went about a self-help program to increase my overall self-confidence and self-esteem. I was extremely keen to discover the secrets to happiness; to achieve fluency and of ways to deal with my depression.

What I found out over the next twelve to eighteen months would change my life forever.

These are the things I had to do:

The self-pity was something that had to end. Yes I am not perfect but who is.

I had to think in a more positive way. This was something I had somehow learnt to do in my business life where I work for a company that sells composite front doors but I had never managed to do it in my personal life.
 
I had to stop worrying about the future.

I had to stop caring what other people thought of me.

I needed to smile more.

I needed to learn to relax. I now use meditation for this purpose.

I had to learn to like myself.

I needed to become stronger to fight away the negative thoughts in my head.

I realised that I needed to concentrate on the positive aspects of my life rather than wallowing in the self-pity of thinking about what I believed I did not have in life.

I soon began to implement what I had learnt and it had a real positive affect in quite a quick period of time. The depression that plagued my earlier life still came back to haunt me around once a month. When it does descend, I now write two lists. What I am happy about in life and what I am sad or worrying about. I have now realised after studying the two lists that I am very much a person that over-reacts.

I am now a much more positive person and this is having a good affect on my business life where I now work for a ”jobs in foster care” company and also part time for a business cost reduction specialist.

I wish you every success with your efforts to gain in self-confidence.